Power partnership in democracy Class 10 (civics) chapter-1 question answer | cbse board

  

Short answer questions

Question 1. What struggle did the Sri Lankan Tamils ​​have for their rights?

Answer - Sri Lankan Tamils ​​formed political parties to get their rights. Tamils ​​fought to make Tamil the official language, gain regional autonomy and demand equal opportunities in education and employment . But their demands for autonomy for Tamil populated areas were consistently ignored by the Sri Lankan government. 1980 AD By the end of the decade, many political organizations were formed in north-eastern Sri Lanka with the demand of forming an autonomous Tamil Eelam.

Question 2. What kind of social tension did majoritarianism give rise to in Sri Lanka?

Laws were made keeping in mind the interests of the majority Sinhalese in Northern Sri Lanka. Because of this Sinhalese monopolized all important areas. These government decisions increased the resentment and alienation of the Sri Lankan Tamils ​​towards the government. They felt that the constitution and government policies were depriving them of equal political rights, their interests were being ignored. As a result, relations between the Tamil and Sinhalese communities continued to deteriorate. This conflict took the form of a civil war.

Question 3. State the causes of social tension between different linguistic groups in Belgium.

59 percent of the total population of northern Belgium lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch. 40 percent of people live in Velonia and speak French. The remaining one percent speak German. The French-speaking minority has been more prosperous and powerful. Dutch-speaking people, who later benefited from economic development and punishment, resented this situation. From 1950-60 AD. In the 1990s, tensions between the French and Dutch-speaking groups began to rise. The Dutch speaking people were relatively more in number but in terms of wealth and prosperity they were weak and in the minority.

Question 4. Explain the importance of power or partnership.

For a long time it was believed that all the powers of the government should be in the hands of one person or a group of persons occupying a particular position. If the power to take decisions is broken, it will not be possible to take decisions immediately and implement them. However, a basic tenet of democracy is that the people are the source of all political power. In this, people run their own government through self-government organizations. In a good democratic governance, due respect is given to different groups of society and their views and all are included in the formulation of public policies. That is why democratic governance is considered good in which more and more citizens are made a share in political power.

Question 5. What is the difference between vertical distribution of power and horizontal distribution of power?

Answer—Vertical distribution and horizontal distribution have the following differences—

vertical distribution

1. Different levels of government under vertical distribution

There is division of power in various levels.

2. It had higher and lower levels of government.

3. In it lower level organs work under higher level organs.

Horizontal distribution

1. Under horizontal distribution power is divided among different organs of government like – Executive, Legislature and Judiciary.

 2. In this, different organs of the government use their respective powers by remaining at the same level.

3. In it each organ controls the other.

Question 6. Explain the difference between direct democracy and indirect democracy.

Ans- Following are the differences between direct democracy and indirect democracy-

Direct democracy

1. In real democracy, citizens themselves make laws. Example : Switzerland | Or the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece.

 2. In real democracy there was no gap between people and government.

3. Direct democracy is useful and feasible for very small states.

4. In a real democracy there was no need to hold elections or any complicated process in organizing them

was

 

Indirect democracy

1. In indirect democracy, representatives of citizens make laws.

Example: India.

2. In indirect democracy, why does the government create public funds?

3. Indirect public-technique is useful and feasible for large states.

4. In indirect democracy elections are required after a certain period and it is a complex process.

 

Question 7. Explain the meaning of horizontal distribution of power. Also give an example in the context of India.

 

 Ans- (1) When there is an arrangement of power sharing between different organs of government like- Legislature, Executive and Judiciary then it is called horizontal distribution of power.

(2) In India the President and the Council of Ministers function as the executive. By the way, the Union Legislature and the Supreme Court are part of the Judiciary. There is division of power between them so that no one can exercise unlimited power.

(3) Every limb restrains each other. E.g.- Indian judiciary restricts the functions of legislature and executive. And Legislature and Executive Judiciary. Thus they balance the power.

 

Question 8. List three subjects each mentioned in the three lists of the Constitution of India.

 

The division of powers between the Center and the States in the three lists described in the North-Indian Constitution is as follows-

(1) Union List—About 97 subjects are given in the Union List on which only Parliament can legislate. The central government makes laws for the security of the country, railways, shipping, currency and post and protection of historical monuments.

(2) State List- There are about 66 such subjects in the State List on which the State Governments can legislate; Like- Agriculture, Health, Forest, Irrigation, Electricity, Law and order in the state, Police and Entertainment are important subjects.

(3) Concurrent List- There are about 47 subjects in the Concurrent List, on which both the Parliament and the State Legislatures can make laws. If both the Union Government and the State Government pass a law on any subject of the Concurrent List, then the law of the Union Government shall be implemented.

Laws passed by the Union Parliament are sent to the President for final approval and laws passed by the State Legislatures are sent to the Governor for final approval. The laws become effective after they are approved by the President at the central level and the Governor at the state level.

 

Question 9. Why was indirect democratic system adopted in India?

Answer-Indirect democracy was chosen in India due to the following reasons-

(1) Diversity Ka Desh-India is the country of diversity. There are many varieties of people here. Their religions, languages, customs and cultures are different. All types of people can be easily represented in indirect democracy.

(2) Size-India is a vast country. It is the seventh place in the world in terms of area. Every individual cannot personally participate in the legislature and take all the decisions regarding the government from time to time.

( 3 ) Population – In terms of population, India is second in the world after China. 2011 AD According to the census, more than 121 crore people live in India. How can such a large group gather together at one place and act as a legislature. This is the reason why citizens (18 years and above) elect their representatives on the basis of universal adult suffrage, usually after five years.