Class 10 Democratic Politics Chapter 5: Short Answer Questions on People's Struggles and Movements

 

    Short Answer Type Questions?

Question 1. Discuss the second movement launched in Nepal for the establishment of democracy.

OR How did democracy rule start in Nepal? Mention in brief.

Answer – This movement was launched against King Gyanendra because he dissolved the constitutional monarchy system accepted in the 1990s by royal order. Like Fedecor in Bolivia, a joint coalition of seven political parties was formed here too. The four-day bandh announced initially took an indefinite form. Gyanendra tried to suppress this protest by police and military forces but could not succeed. The demand of this movement group was that parliamentary democracy should be re-accepted, an all-party government should be formed and a Constituent Assembly should be formed. On April 24, 2006, Raja Gyanendra finally had to bow down before the agitators. An internal government was formed and it took back most of the king's power to legislate.

Question 2. What are pressure groups? How are they different from political parties? Explain.

OR Mention two differences between a pressure group and a political party. Give an example of a pressure group.

Ans- - Such a group of people who form a powerful organization that exerts pressure indirectly to get their demands accepted from the government is called a pressure group. They are directly related to running the movement etc. Difference between pressure group and political party:

(1) Pressure groups differ on the basis of class and collective interest, while political parties are regional or national political parties according to the criteria of the Election Commission.

(2) Pressure groups exert pressure on political parties at the time of elections. It is because of these that public opinion is affected.

(3) Adolescence of political parties is the pressure group.

Question 3. How did the struggle of the people of Nepal become a source of inspiration for democracy lovers all over the world? Explain.

Answer - Democracy was established in Nepal in the 1990s, in which the king was formally made the head. Raja Gyanendra dissolved the elected government in 2005 following the assassination of Raja Veerendra, against whom the movement rose in 2006. All major political parties in Parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance coalition and called for a four-day bandh in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. This protest soon took the form of an indefinite bandh. People started taking to the streets in lakhs. In the end, the king had to bow down to the agitators and was forced to accept all the three demands of the people. PCA elected Girija Prasad Koirala as the Prime Minister of the Interim Government. Parliament was restored again and the Parliament passed several new laws.

The struggle of the people of Nepal forced the king to bow down and an important step was taken by the king for democracy in Nepal. This sent a message to democracy lovers all over the world that a democratic system can be achieved through struggle. Any dictatorial government can be bowed down.

Question 4. List some of the negative effects of coercion on democracy .

Answer-(1) is not beneficial for democracy- Some believe that pressure groups representing the interests of only one party or class are not beneficial for democracy because in democracy the interests of all should be protected, not of any one class. Needed Pressure groups want to exercise power but avoid responsibility.

(2) Not being accountable to the public- Political parties have to face the public at the time of elections but these groups are not accountable to the public.

(3) Dominance of capitalist people- Sometimes it may happen that pressure groups get support of very few people but they have more money and on this basis it is successful in turning the public debate in their direction. Go

Question 5. How does democracy develop through people's struggle?

Answer – The development of democracy happens through mass struggle. It is possible that some important decisions are taken by consensus and there is no conflict behind them. Still, this would be called an exception. The decisive moment of democracy is mostly the same when there is a struggle between those in power and those who want to share power. Such a time comes when a country is taking steps in the democratic direction, democracy is expanding in that country or the roots of democracy are in the process of getting stronger there.

Question 6. What is an interest group? When does it become a pressure group?

Answer – Different types of interests of farmers, capitalists, landowners, teachers, government employees and laborers and other businessmen are found in every society. When people having similar interests take some organized form. So it is called an 'interest-group'. According to Dhillon, “Simply put, an interest group is a community of people who share common interests.” When an interest group seeks help from the government to fulfill its objective and tries to influence the members of the legislature in such a way that their interests are taken into account while making or amending general laws, So it takes the form of a pressure group. Pressure groups put pressure on the government to develop and protect the interests of its members by providing them necessary facilities and preventing the government from acting against their interests. Pressure groups exert influence on legislators and government officials through fair or unfair means to get their work done. For this reason, pressure-groups are sometimes called centers of corruption.

The following definitions of pressure group have been given by various scholars-

 1. Ch. According to Dhillon, “In simple words, a group of persons having similar interests is called an interest group. They take the form of pressure-groups when they get government assistance for their gains.” 

2. According to Amond and Powell, “by interest group we mean such persons who meet together for a particular interest or profit

Group

and having a consciousness of those interests."