Class 10 civics Federalism Long Answer Type Question ?- civics Federalism board exam preparation

  

       Long answer question?

 

Question 1. How were the states formed in India on the basis of language? Present a brief description.

 

Answer – The states of India and their so-called princes signed a joint document and accepted the merger of their states in the Union of India, but for more than two hundred years, the association of the British and

Getting education in the colleges of England, both these reasons made him follow the British policy. Distressed to revive and even after there was no arrangement in the constitution, in 1952 AD , succeeded in reorganizing a state of Andhra Pradesh. The amendment of the written form of the constitution started from here.

Our country has been divided into 28 states and 8 union territories (including the capital territory of Delhi) today after being divided from 14 states and 6 union territories in 1956 AD (Seventh Amendment Act). Till January 14, 2019, 103 amendments have been made in our constitution. The 103rd amendment was a provision for 10% reservation in  government jobs and education for the upper class poor people .

More than 100 revisions in 70 years means multiple revisions are being done per year. States are being reorganized not only on the basis of language but also on the basis of culture, geographical nature, conditions and caste. The demand for new states has again started arising from Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is possible that four more new states may be formed in the coming years. This mood of modern democratic politics which is getting fragmented and all of us citizens still do not get hurt by singing the melody of united India in national festivals, processions or processions. Nation street

 Question 2. State the important features of the federal system of government. 

OR What is federalism? State their main features. (2021 IN) 

OR What is federal system? Describe any two features of the federal system of India.

Answer- Federalism- Federalism is that form of government in which there are at least two levels of government within the country – first at the central level and second at the local or state level. In the case of India, federalism can be defined as the distribution of powers among local, central and state governments. In a federal system, more than one type of government governs a country at the same time. All the governments have got their rights from the constitution. Following are the important features of this system-

 

1. Having dual citizenship - Dual citizenship is there in countries with federal rule. People are citizens of their country and their respective states. Only India has single citizenship.

2. Dual objectives to be achieved - The federal government system has dual objectives - to protect and promote the unity of the country and at the same time to fully respect the fixed regional diversities.

3. One or more levels of government - Here the government is of two or more levels. In this, there is a government for the whole country, which has subjects of national importance, and then there are governments at the level of states or provinces, which conduct the affairs of the state.

4. Extension of jurisdiction of the government- Different level of governments govern the same citizen group but they have their own jurisdiction of making laws, collecting taxes and administration.

5. Helpful in providing security - The jurisdiction of different levels of governments are clearly mentioned in the constitution. The Constitution therefore guarantees and protects the existence and authority of every level of government.

6. Changing the fundamental provisions with the consent of both the levels of government - The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be changed by any one level of government alone. Such changes can happen only with the consent of both the level of governments.

7. Right to interpret the constitution – Courts have the right to interpret the constitution and the rights of different levels of governments. In case of dispute of rights between different levels of governments, the Supreme Court plays the role of arbitrator.

8. In order to ensure financial autonomy, different sources of revenue have been fixed for different levels of governments in order to ensure financial autonomy.

 

Question 3. Describe the changes that have taken place in the centre-the-state relations in India.

OR Describe the Centre-State relations in the Indian Union. (2020 O.A.) 

 

Answer – After the independence of the country in 1947 AD, the same political party remained in power in the center and the states for many years, as a result, good relations were maintained between the center and the state. In practice, the state governments did not exercise their powers as autonomous federal units. When there were governments of different parties in the center and the states, the central government tried to ignore the rights of the states. The central government often misused constitutional provisions to dissolve state governments of opposition parties. This was an act contrary to the spirit of federalism.

After 1990 AD, the tension in the center-state relations started reducing considerably. Regional parties emerged in many states of the country. When no one party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major political parties had to form a government by forming alliances with several parties, including regional parties. The beginning of the coalition government at the center started. This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the autonomy of the state governments. This trend was also strengthened by a major decision of the Supreme Court. This decision made it difficult for the central government to arbitrarily dissolve the state government. Thus power sharing under the federal system today is more effective than in the immediate post-constitutional phase. Now the relations between the center and the states have started improving.

 

Question 4. Discuss the Panchayati Raj system in India.

 

Answer – The existing local governance system in India at the village level is known as Panchayati Raj. A three-tier Panchayati Raj structure is found in India. In this, Gram Panchayat works at the lowest level, then Panchayat Samiti and Zilla Parishad at the top. Their details are as follows-

 

1. Gram Panchayat - At the village level, there is a Gram Panchayat in each village. It is a kind of council in which there are many members and a chairman. The members are elected from the wards and are called Panchs. The head of the Gram Panchayat is called Pradhan or Sarpanch. They are elected by all the adults living in the village. It is the decision making body for the whole panchayat. The work of the Panchayats is carried on under the supervision of the Gram Sabha. It has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to pass the budget of the Gram Panchayat and review its working.

2. Panchayat Samiti - Panchayat Samiti is formed by joining several Gram Panchayats. It can also be called mandal or block level panchayat. Its members are elected by all the Panchayat members from that area.

3. Zilla Parishad- Zilla Parishad is formed by combining all the Panchayat Samitis of a district. Most of the members of the Zilla Parishad are elected. The Zilla Parishad consists of mps and mlas elected to the Lok Sabha and Vidhansabha from that district and some officers of district level institutions as members. The head of the Zilla Parishad is the political head of the Zilla Parishad.

 

Question 5. Explain the importance of Panchayati Raj.

 

Answer – Panchayati Raj system has an important contribution in the local administration of the country. The importance of Panchayati Raj system can be underlined from the following facts-

 

1. Education of Administration - Democratic government has been established in India. In this type of government, every person should be ready to handle the responsibility of administration. Panchayati Raj is the best means of teaching administration to the uneducated and less educated people of the village. Local Self-Government established by Panchayati Raj Local Self-Government of Cities

 

Provides more education in administration to the people than to the institutions. For example, the local institutions of the cities give training to the people to make rules, but the members of those institutions do not get the training to do justice. Panchayati Raj also gives an opportunity to the people of the village to make rules, implement them, make development plans and implement them, and do justice. In this way, every person in the village gets the education of administration through Panchayati Raj.

 

2. Solution of local problems- The solution of local problems of a particular area cannot be done quickly and easily by the central or state government. The main reason for this is that the government officials do not have direct contact with the people of the village. The members of Panchayati Raj Institutions have direct contact with the public. They are well acquainted with the problems of the area. Therefore, local problems can be easily solved by these members.

 

3. Development of agriculture and economic progress - Another important aspect of the establishment of Panchayati Raj is that since its establishment, there has been a lot of development of agriculture in the villages. The reason for this is that the Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis and Zilla Parishad, with the help of government officials and employees, provide good quality seeds to the farmers and keep giving information about scientific agriculture and latest agricultural machinery. As a result, the yield of agriculture has increased. With the increase in agricultural yield, on the one hand farmers and other people of the village have progressed economically and socially, on the other hand the country has become self-sufficient in terms of food grains. This is the importance of Panchayati Raj itself.

 

4. Knowledge of rights and duties- With the establishment of Panchayati Raj, every person in the village considers himself related with the administration of the village. Today's villagers are aware of their duties and they are more conscious about their rights than before. The residents of the village now take interest in the elections of the Gram Panchayat etc. By participating in the meetings of the Gram Sabha and do not hesitate to pay the 'taxes' etc. Fixed by the Gram Panchayats.

Paid

 

5. People's own rule Panchayati Raj is the people's own rule. With its establishment, people's self-rule has been established in the villages of India. Every adult citizen of the village is a member of the Gram Sabha and participates in the elections to the Gram Panchayat. Gram Panchayat does all the work related to administration, social welfare, development and justice related work of the village. Thus the village man himself has become the maker of his future. The citizen of India is no longer subject to anyone and is in fact ruling himself and there is no better government than his own government.

 

Based on the above, it is clear that Panchayati Raj creates a sense of self-confidence and self-reliance among the people and generates interest in their local affairs. It creates a feeling of freedom and equality among the people living in rural areas. This helps a lot in the development of rural life. Panchayati Raj plays a very important role in making democracy successful by making people aware of their rights and duties. 

 

Question 6. How is the federal system in India? Mention its four characteristics . 

OR What is federalism? Mention four features of the federal structure of India.

 

Post-federalism is such a system of governance in which the powers of governance are divided between the central government and the provincial governments. India has a two-tier federal system – the Union Government and the State Governments. The main features of the Indian federal government are as follows-

 

1. Centralized Federalism - Indian federal government is different from the government of other countries. In spite of having two types of governments in India, the Center has to be powerful.

Has been made. Center has been given more powers. That's why the Indian Union is called Integrated Federalism.

 

2. Rigid Constitution- In our constitution, the distribution of power between center and state has been done in writing. It is not easy to change it. For this, a proposal is passed by two-thirds majority in both the Houses of the Parliament and it is approved by the Legislative Assemblies of at least half of the states. Thus rigid constitution is the main feature of federal government.

 

3. Two-tier system of governance The Constitution had made a provision for a two-tier system of governance - the Union Government and the State Governments. Later on a third tier of federal government was also added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities.

 

4. Division of Powers In the Constitution, the legislative powers of the Central and State Governments were divided into three parts. Subjects of national importance were placed in the Union List on which the right to make laws was given to the Central Government. The State List contained subjects of lesser importance on which the State Government could make laws. Both the State and the Center can make laws on the Concurrent List. But in case of conflict, the law of the Center will prevail.

 

5. Integrated Judiciary- Due to the federal rule in India, the central and state governments have separate executive and legislature but the judiciary is the same for both. This was done so that the disputes between the Center and the States could be settled.

 

6. States do not have their own constitution- All the states of the Indian Union do not have equal rights. The states of India do not have their own constitutions. Only Jammu and Kashmir is the only state which has its own constitution. Many provisions of the Indian constitution cannot be implemented in this state without the permission of the assembly.

 

7. Powerful Judiciary- The role of judiciary is important in federal governance. In case of any dispute related to the distribution of powers in India, the decision is made in the High Court and the Supreme Court only.

 

8. Fiscal Autonomy - Central and State Governments have the right to levy taxes, collect revenue and collect resources to run the government and carry out its responsibilities. State governments have financial autonomy. 

Question 7. Describe the functions of Gram Panchayat.

 

Answer- By the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992, the functions of the Gram Panchayat have been described in the 11th Schedule of the Constitution. The details of the main functions of the Gram Panchayats are as follows-

Administrative work-

 

(a) The Gram Panchayat shall carry out such functions as may be prescribed by the Gram Sabha. (b) The Gram Panchayat shall prepare a budget for the development of the area and present it to the Gram Sabha. It will also prepare development plans for the village.

Welfare work

The main objective of Gram Panchayats is to develop rural areas. In this situation, the following welfare works of Gram Panchayats have been fixed-

1. Development of barren land, agriculture, horticulture and grazing land.

2. Construction and repair of bridges and culverts.

3. Making wells, ponds etc. And protecting them.

 4. Taking care of cremation ground and graveyard.

5. Organizing fairs and mandis.

6. Managing public gardens, playgrounds etc. And organizing events for public entertainment.

7. Establishment and maintenance of libraries and reading rooms.

 8. To take preventive and formal measures against epidemics. 

9. To make arrangements for the stay of the passengers.

10. The Panchayat can forward a complaint against any Patwari, Santri, Chowkidar, Vaccarer, Overseer or any other Government servant related to the village to the District Magistrate.

11. Improvement in animal wealth in the field of animal husbandry, promotion of dairy industry, poultry farming etc. Along with this, fish production development also

Is included.

12. It is also the duty of the Gram Panchayat to plant trees on both sides of the roads and help in the development of forests.

13. To arrange housing for the villagers and to construct wells, ponds etc. For drinking water.

14. Construction of roads and public toilets for cleanliness in rural areas and making other similar arrangements.

15. Family welfare program implemented in the field of public health

To do and take measures for the prevention of diseases. Along with this, work is also done for the welfare of women, children and the disabled.

Doing .

Judicial functions – According to the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994, the following judicial functions have been entrusted to the Panchayats –

 

If a person disobeys the criminal orders of the Panchayat, the Panchayat has the power to impose a fine of up to Rs 100 on him. If a person continuously violates the orders of the Panchayat, then the Panchayat can fine him at the rate of Rs.10 per day which can be up to Rs.1000. An appeal can be made against this decision of the Panchayat to the 'Director Panchayat' within 30 days, whose decision will be considered final.

Question 8. Mention the functions of Zila Parishad.

 

Answer – The details of the main functions of the Zilla Parishad are as follows-

1. It tries to coordinate the development plans of the Panchayat Samitis with the development plans of the entire district.

2. It can give suggestions to the government regarding the rural development of the district.

3. The government can hand over the responsibility of implementing any scheme to the Zilla Parishad.

4. The Zila Parishad may take necessary steps to develop the rural life and uplift their standard of living. 

5. It basically creates coordination in the works of Panchayat Samitis located in its area and tries to do collective development of the district.

6. Zila Parishad inspects the budget of Panchayat Samitis and gives its approval on them.

7. It monitors the work of the Panchayat Samitis, advises them and gives orders if necessary, so that the Panchayat Samiti can perform its functions properly.

8. It prepares and implements development plans relating to two or more Panchayat Samitis.

Question 9. What is decentralisation? What provision was made for this in the Indian Constitution? Mention any four.

OR What was the basic idea behind the decentralization of political power in India? What is its form?

Answer – When taking powers from the central and state government to the local governments

If given, it is called decentralization of power. The basic idea behind decentralization is that many issues and problems can be best solved at the local level. People have a good understanding of the problems of their area. The need for decentralization was also accepted in our constitution. Since then there have been several attempts to decentralize power at the village and town levels. Village panchayats were established at the village level in all the states and municipalities were established in the cities. But these were placed under the direct control of the state governments. Elections for these local governments were also not held regularly. They neither had any rights nor resources of their own. In this way effectively the decentralization of power was nominal.

 

1. Holding of elections became a constitutional obligation – In 1992, a major step towards real decentralization was taken. This third level of democratic governance was made more powerful and effective by amending the constitution. Now it is a constitutional obligation to conduct elections to the local self-governing bodies regularly.

 

2. Reservation of seats for women – Seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward castes in the posts of members and office bearers of elected self-governing bodies. At least one-third of the posts in the bodies are reserved for women.

 

3. State Election Commission was formed- An independent body called State Election Commission has been formed to conduct Panchayat and Municipal elections in every state. The state governments have to give some share of their revenue and powers to these local self-governing bodies. The nature of power sharing is different in each state.

 

4. Formation of Gram Panchayat in the village- The local self-governance system existing at the village level is known as Panchayati Raj. There is a gram panchayat in every village. It is a type of council consisting of several members and a chairman. The members are elected from the wards and are commonly called panchs. The chairman is called Pradhan or Sarpanch. They are elected by all the adults living in the village or ward through voting. It is the decision making body for the whole panchayat. The work of the Panchayats is done under the supervision of the Gram Sabha. All the voters of the village are its members. It has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to pass the budget of the Gram Panchayat and review its functioning.

 

5. Formation of Panchayat Samiti – The structure of local government is up to the district level. A Panchayat Samiti is formed by joining several Gram Panchayats. It can also be called mandal or block level panchayat. Its members are elected by all the panchayat members of that area. Zila Parishad is formed by combining all the Panchayat Samitis of a district. Most of the members of the Zilla Parishad are elected. The Zilla Parishad consists of mps and mlas elected to Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha from that district and some officers of district level institutions as members. The head of the Zilla Parishad is the political head of the Zilla Parishad.

 

In this way local government institutions work in cities also. Cities have municipalities. Municipal corporations are formed in big cities. The work of both municipality and municipal corporation is done by elected representatives. The municipal chief is the political head of the municipality. Such an officer of the Municipal Corporation is called Mayor.