Class -10 Civics Chapter-2 Federalism Short Answer Type Questions ?- sanghavaad | cbse board exam

           Short Answer Type Questions?

Question 1. What efforts have been made by the constitutional amendment of 1992 AD to make decentralization effective in a democratic system?

Answer – Through the constitutional amendment of 1992 AD, the following efforts have been made for decentralization-

1. An independent body called the State Election Commission has been constituted to conduct panchayat and municipal elections in every state.

2. State governments have to give some part of their revenue and rights to the local self-governing bodies. The nature of power sharing varies from state to state.

3. It is a constitutional obligation to conduct elections to the local self-governing bodies regularly.

4. In the posts of members and office bearers of elected self-governing bodies

5.Seats are reserved for people belonging to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes/Other Backward Classes.

At least one-third of the posts are reserved for women.

  Question 2. Explain the formation of Gram Panchayat.

Answer – There is a Gram Panchayat in every village. Gram Panchayat is a type of council consisting of several members and a chairman. The members are elected from the wards and are commonly called panchs. The head of the Gram Panchayat is called Pradhan. They are elected by all the adults living in the village or ward through voting. It is the decision making body for the entire village. The work of the Panchayats is carried on under the supervision of the Gram Sabha. All the voters of the village are its members. It has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year to pass the budget of the Gram Panchayat and review its working.

Question 3. Why were states formed on the basis of language in India?

Answer – On the basis of language, wide diversity is found in India. In order to smoothly run the federal governance system in India, the states were reorganized on the basis of language. In order to create new states, the boundaries of many old states of India were changed in the decade of 1950 AD. The purpose of this change was to bring the speakers of one language within the boundaries of one state. Some other states were formed on cultural-geographical basis. Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand are included in such states. While forming the states on the basis of language, there was a doubt in the mind of the politicians that by doing so, the country might break up. But after the reorganization of the state, it was verified on the basis of experience that the unity of the country has been strengthened. The conduct of government and governance has become more convenient than before.

Question 4 Describe the importance of local governments in the country.

  Answer – Transfer of powers from Central and State Governments when local

When given to the governments, it is called decentralization of power. The third level after the center and states is called local government. importance of local government

Is in this type-

1. It is also possible to make people a direct participant in the decisions at the local level. This inculcates the habit of democratic participation.

2. Many problems can be best solved at the local level as people have a better understanding of the problems in their area.

3. People are also aware of where to spend the money and how things can be used more efficiently. Thus the establishment of local governments is the best way to actualize the democratic principle of self-government.

Question 5. How is the division of powers between the Center and the States done in the Constitution of India?

Answer – In the Constitution of India, the division of legislative rights between the Central and State Governments has been done in three lists, the details of which are as follows-

1. Union List - It contains subjects of national importance like defence, foreign affairs, banking, communication, currency. The central government makes laws on these.

2. State List - In this, subjects of provincial importance like police, trade, commerce, agriculture, irrigation come. The state government has the right to make laws on these.

3. Concurrent List- It includes subjects like education, forest, trade union, marriage. Both the central and state governments have the right to make laws on these. But when there is a conflict between the laws of both, then the law made by the central government is valid.

4. Residual - In the list of residual subjects those subjects were kept which were not included in all the three lists or new subjects have emerged. The central government makes laws on these.

Question 6. Describe the 'Role of Judiciary' in a federal system.

Answer – The role of the judiciary in the federal system – This is an essential element of the federal government. The division of powers between the center and the provinces is often on the basis that the subjects which are related to the whole country are handed over to the central government and those which are of local importance are handed over to the provincial governments, but sometimes the center and Differences arise between states. In federal rule, there is a possibility of civil war breaking out due to mutual tension between the states. An independent and impartial judiciary removes this possibility. The power to interpret and protect the constitution has also been vested in the judiciary. Judiciary can declare those laws of the Center and the provinces illegal which are against the constitution.